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A recent Fraser Institute report claims that homicide rates aside, Canada’s crime rates in a number of categories have spiraled ahead of those in the U.S.
They claim:
Since 2014, property crimes (theft, fraud, breaking and entering for example) have increased in Canada, and by 2022 was 27.5% higher than in the U.S.
That should concern all Canadians in my view, but I’d like to put the Fraser statement into context.
American writer Evan Esar once said that the definition of statistics is: “The science of producing unreliable facts from reliable figures.” Certainly, in some cases, we should question the veracity of the stats.
The Fraser Institute is a highly regarded and ethical organization, so I do not doubt their reporting whatsoever. I do question whether the U.S. data used in this instance is accurate or complete.
Canada’s crime statistics are tracked and reported on by the federal government. What is known as Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) data is supplied by Canadian police agencies at all levels, as part of a mandatory process. It provides data for analysis, resource allocation, planning and comparison purposes, as well as for government decision-making as to policy and legislative considerations. As it is police generated, it only contains data regarding crimes that the police are aware of – either through citizen reporting or officer awareness.
Although the U.S. program has the same name and intent, it is a voluntary program. There are more than 18,000 police departments in the U.S.A. (versus 160 in Canada). Many of those departments have but a handful of officers and some even less. I am told by U.S. colleagues that an alarming percentage of the smaller departments still use paper reports/records and are not completely computerized. Not all police services supply stats to the U.S. UCR database and in fact it is reported that only 40% reported anything in 2021. Additionally, some reports say that not all police departments submit ALL their data, but only some of it.
The Fraser Institute acknowledges that the stats between countries aren’t necessarily apples to apples, saying that: “There are also issues with the comparability of crime rate data between the two countries due to the differing definitions of crimes and crime classifications (the study has sought to adjust for these differences).”
Regardless of the validity of the numbers, it is concerning that Canada’s crime rates are increasing at all. Why is it happening?
Undoubtedly, socio-economic factors are behind many causation factors, most or all of which cannot be controlled or solved by police services. They simply result in a response by police when they occur.
Mental health, addiction and poverty are significant issues in Canada. If they weren’t, policing would be a cakewalk and cost so much less.
In our ‘Post Covid’ world, Canada is seeing a huge increase in youth crime – including violence. Many young people spent their early teen years and since, having little face to face contact with peers (and adults other than their parents), but instead engaged in social media interaction. The mental health impacts of that period show increased levels of anxiety, and the emotional and behavioural impacts are far from being totally understood.
Some say, and I agree, that there is a diminished fear of consequences in society. Day after day we learn of criminals being apprehended, charged, released, re-arrested and so on. Our bail, sentencing and parole systems do little to stem the concerning catch and release cycle in which many assume to be the new norm. What message is the justice system sending to would be criminals? I realize we can’t keep everyone locked up for every offence, but recidivism shouldn’t be allowed to flourish.
What is the state of parenting out there? Whatever happened to the right from wrong and firm but fair parenting that baby-boomers like me experienced? Fear of dad and/or mom was an equal concern than the fear of the police for me as a youngster and teen. You don’t have to watch the media much now to see videos of mothers and fathers attacking police for ‘picking on’ their kids, who of course are always a “good boy”, despite committing egregious offences.
Organized Crime groups have had a growing impact on local crime in recent years. They recruit young people to commit the front-end crimes like stealing automobiles from our driveways, or committing brazen group thefts from retail stores, knowing they won’t be harshly punished if caught. And we’ve all seen the growth industries of auto and retail theft.
Sadly, there are not enough police officers in some communities to prevent, respond to or investigate the many crimes they face. A triage of sorts results in a slower response and less investigative follow-up for many thefts and other property crimes. Comparatively, I remember spending many hours investigating minor thefts as a young officer up north. But we didn’t have as many competing response priorities. Car thefts were rare; we didn’t have street gangs, car-jackings, home invasions, or many mental health issues to deal with; we had little violent crime, and seldom saw a firearm that wasn’t a hunting rifle. That was then, but the new reality brings a zillion emerging challenges.
But we must remain confident that our police services continue do their very best while working with partner agencies of all sorts to prevent and investigate the heck out of all crimes. In the meantime, we need to support them and advocate for them for funding and staffing, and although we must ensure their accountability, we should NOT vilify them for every honest mistake or for not being all things to all people 24/7.
They cannot do it alone.
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